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Fanny Fern, born Sara Willis (July 9, 1811 – October 10, 1872), was an American newspaper columnist, humorist, novelist, and author of children's stories in the 1850s-1870s. Fern's great popularity has been attributed to her conversational style and sense of what mattered to her mostly middle-class female readers. By 1855, Fern was the highest-paid columnist in the United States, commanding $100 per week for her ''New York Ledger'' column.〔Fern, Fanny. ''Ruth Hall and Other Writings'' (Joyce W. Warren, editor). Rutgers, 1986, p. xv & p. xviii.〕 A collection of her columns published in 1853 sold 70,000 copies in its first year. Her best-known work, the fictional autobiography ''Ruth Hall'' (1854), has become a popular subject among feminist literary scholars. ==Early life== Sara Payson Willis was born in Portland, Maine, to newspaper owner Nathaniel Willis and Hannah Parker; she was the fifth of nine children. Her older brother Nathaniel Parker Willis became a notable journalist and magazine owner.〔( Canada, Mark. "Fanny Fern (Sarah Willis)" ), ''Antebellum and Civil War America'', ''All American: Literature, History, and Culture'', Ed. Mark Canada, 7 March 2000. University of North Carolina at Pembroke, 19 December 2006〕 Her younger brother Richard Storrs Willis became a musician and music journalist, known for writing the melody for "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear".〔Baker, 160〕 Her other siblings were Lucy Douglas (born 1804), Louisa Harris (1807), Julia Dean (1809), Mary Perry (1813), Edward Payson (1816), and Ellen Holmes Willis (1821).〔Warren, 5〕 Inspired by Reverend Edward Payson of Portland's Second Congregational Church, her father intended to name his fifth child after the minister. When the child was born a girl, he named her after Payson's mother, Grata Payson. The reverend urged the Willises to reconsider, noting that his mother had never liked the name.〔 In accordance with this request, the family called her Sara instead. Willis' surname was to change often in her life, throughout three marriages and the adoption of her chosen pen name "Fanny Fern". She decided on the pen name because it reminded her of childhood memories of her mother picking ferns. Feeling that this chosen name was a better fit, she used it also in her personal life; eventually most of her friends and family called her "Fanny."〔White, Barbara A. "(Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) )", ''Heath Anthology Online Instructor’s Guide''. 19 December 2006.〕 Willis attended Catharine Beecher's boarding school in Hartford, Connecticut. Beecher later described her as one of her "worst-behaved girls" (adding that she also "loved her the best".) Here, the girl had her first taste of literary success when her compositions were published in the local newspaper.〔Warren, Joyce W., ''Ruth Hall'', p. xii〕 She also attended the Saugus Female Seminary (). After returning home, Willis wrote and edited articles for her father's Christian newspapers, ''The Puritan Recorder''〔(Michael, Naomi. "Meet Fanny Fern: An Insight into the Life of Sara Payson Willis Parton, With a Reprint of One of Her Newspaper Columns )". 19 December 2006.〕 and ''The Youth's Companion''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fanny Fern」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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